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Managing a Portfolio of Real options: Sequential Exploration of Dependent Prospects

Abstract:
We consider the impact of sequential investment and active management on the value of a portfolio of real options. The options are assumed to be interdependent, in that exercise of any one is assumed to produce, in addition to some intrinsic value based on an underlying asset, further information regarding the values of other options based on related assets. We couch the problem in terms of oil exploration, where a discrete number of related geological prospects are available for drilling, and management's objective is to maximize the expected value of the combined exploration campaign. Management's task is complex because the expected value of the investment sequence depends on the order in which options are exercised. A basic conclusion is that, although dependence increases the variance of potential outcomes, it also increases the expected value of the embedded portfolio of options and magnifies the value of optimal management. Stochastic dynamic programming techniques may be used to establish the optimal sequence of investment. Given plausible restrictions on the information structure, however, we demonstrate that the optimal dynamic program can be identified and implemented by policies that are relatively simple to execute. In other words, we provide sufficient conditions for the optimality of intuitive decision rules, like biggest first, most likely first, or greatest intrinsic value first. We also develop exact analytic expressions for the implied value of the portfolio, which permits the value of active management to be assessed directly.

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Energy Specializations: Petroleum – Exploration and Production; Energy Investment and Finance – Public and Private Risks, Risk Management; Energy Modeling – Energy Data, Modeling, and Policy Analysis

JEL Codes: G11: Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions, Q41: Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices, L71: Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels, Q35: Hydrocarbon Resources, Q42: Alternative Energy Sources, D81: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, G13: Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing, Q21: Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices

Keywords: Portfolio management, Real options, Sequential exploration oil prospects, Oil exploration, Stochastic

DOI: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol29-NoSI-4

Published in Volume 29, Special Issue of the bi-monthly journal of the IAEE's Energy Economics Education Foundation.

 

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