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Willingness to Pay for a Climate Backstop: Liquid Fuel Producers and Direct CO2 Air Capture

Abstract:
We conduct a sensitivity analysis to describe conditions under which liquid fuel producers would fund the development of a climate backstop. We estimate (1) the cost to develop competitively priced direct CO2 air capture technology, a possible climate backstop and (2) the effect of this technology on the value of liquid fuel reserves by country and fuel. Under most assumptions, development costs exceed individual benefits. A particularly robust result is that carbon prices generate large benefits for conventional oil producers--making a climate backstop unappealing for them. Unilateral investment does become more likely under: stringent carbon policy, social discount rates, improved technical outcomes, and high price elasticity of demand for liquid fuels. Early stage investment is inexpensive and could provide a hedge against such developments, particularly for fuels on the margin, such as tar sands and gas-to-liquids. Since only a few entities benefit, free riding is not an important disincentive to investment, although uncertainty about who benefits probably is.

Keywords: Air capture, Backstop technology, Climate policy, Learning by doing, R&D, Unconventional oil

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Energy Specializations: Energy Modeling – Sectoral Energy Demand & Technology; Energy and the Environment – Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases; Energy and the Environment – R&D and Emerging Technologies; Energy and the Environment – Policy and Regulation

JEL Codes: Q42: Alternative Energy Sources, Q41: Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices, Q54: Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming

Keywords: Air capture, Backstop technology, Climate policy, Learning by doing, R&D, Unconventional oil

DOI: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-3

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Published in Volume 33, Number 1 of the bi-monthly journal of the IAEE's Energy Economics Education Foundation.

 

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